SHORT-TERM ACUTE EFFECTS OF SELECTED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE ON SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHICAL SIGNAL AMPLITUDES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/2ptt0b74Keywords:
EMG Amplitudes, Recovery, Neuromuscular response, CKC exercise.Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the short-term acute effects of the KCE protocol Short-term acute effects of selected Kinetic Chain Exercise on Surface Electromyographical Signal Amplitudes in dominant and non-dominant forearm muscles across different recovery intervals (30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes).
Methods: Twenty-seven untrained young adult males were requited for the study. Performed five forearm-focused KCEs. sEMG data were recorded pre-exercise and at 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes post-exercise. Maximum and RMS amplitudes were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni method.
Results: Maximum EMG amplitude significantly decreased in the dominant forearm at 30 seconds (p = 0.004). RMS amplitudes decreased significantly in the non-dominant forearm at 30 seconds (p = 0.01) and 2 minutes (p = 0.04). Values returned near baseline by 5 minutes.
Conclusion: KCE induced a transient suppression of neuromuscular activity, particularly within the first 2 minutes post-exercise, with limb-specific variations. The dominant forearm exhibited greater immediate EMG suppression, while the non-dominant forearm showed stronger RMS amplitude reductions. These findings highlight the importance of timing and limb dominance in post-exercise neuromuscular assessments and suggest potential considerations for rehabilitation and performance monitoring.
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References
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J. R. Lustig and B. J. G. Strauss, “nutritional assessment anthropometry and clinical examination,” Encycl. Food Sci. Nutr., pp. 4181–4184, Jan. 2003, doi: 10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00843-9.
W. Ben Kibler, J. Press, and A. Sciascia, “The role of core stability in athletic function.,” Sports Med., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 189–198,. 2006, doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001/13.
S. Cheon, J. H. Lee, H. P. Jun, Y. W. An, and E. Chang, “Acute Effects of Open Kinetic Chain Exercise Versus Those of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise on Quadriceps Muscle Thickness in Healthy Adults,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Heal. Vol. 17, Page 4669, vol. 17, no. 13, p. 4669. 2020, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH17134669.
B. Bigland Ritchie, D. A. Jones, G. P. Hosking, and R. H. T. Edwards, “Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Sustained Maximum Voluntary Contractions of Human Quadriceps Muscle,” Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 609–614, 1978, doi: 10.1042/CS0540609.
C. Krogh-Lund and K. Jørgensen, “Changes in conduction velocity, median frequency, and root mean square-amplitude of the electromyogram during 25% maximal voluntary contraction of the triceps brachii muscle, to limit of endurance,” Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol., vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 60–69, 1991, doi: 10.1007/BF00760803/METRICS.
W. R. Hunter et al., “Metabolism of mineral-sorbed organic matter and microbial lifestyles in fluvial ecosystems,” Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1582–1588, 2016, doi: 10.1002/2016GL067719.
R. Ravanbod, N. Eslami, and M. N. Ashtiani, “Immediate effects of footwear with vibration applied to the swing phase of the gait cycle on dynamic balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,” J. Biomech., vol. 128, p. 110710, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110710.
A. Blasimann, I. Koenig, I. Baert, H. Baur, and D. Vissers, “Which assessments are used to analyze neuromuscular control by electromyography after an anterior cruciate ligament injury to determine readiness to return to sports? A systematic review,” BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–33, 2021, doi: 10.1186/S13102-021-00370-5/4.
S. Al-Qaisi, A. Saba, and I. Alameddine, “Electromyography analysis: Comparison of maximum voluntary contraction exercises for the latissimus dorsi,” Work, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 803–808, 2022, doi: 10.3233/WOR-213629.
S. Cheon, J. H. Lee, H. P. Jun, Y. W. An, and E. Chang, “Acute effects of open kinetic chain exercise versus those of closed kinetic chain exercise on quadriceps muscle thickness in healthy adults,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 13, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134669.
K. Woods, P. Bishop, and E. Jones, “Warm-up and stretching in the prevention of muscular injury,” Sport. Med., vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1089–1099, 2007, doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737120-00006.
D. R. Lee and L. J. Kim, “Reliability and validity of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test,” J. Phys. Ther. Sci., vol. 27, no. 4, p. 1071, 2015, doi: 10.1589/JPTS.27.1071.
A. Arulkumar and P. Babu, “Selective activation of Forearm muscles for improving Wrist Joint Stability,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1084, no. 1, p. 012025, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1084/1/012025.
R. Chanavirut et al., “The effects of strengthening exercises for wrist flexors and extensors on muscle strength and counter-stroke performance in amateur table tennis players,” J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1033–1036, 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.JBMT.2017.02.002,.
D. Behm and J. C. Colado, “The effectiveness of resistance training using unstable surfaces and devices for rehabilitation,” Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther., vol. 7, no. 2, p. 226, 2012, doi: /pmc/articles/PMC3325639/
J. J. González-Badillo, M. Izquierdo, and E. M. Gorostiaga, “Moderate volume of high relative training intensity produces greater strength gains compared with low and high volumes in competitive weightlifters,” J. Strength Cond. Res., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 73–81,. 2006, doi: 10.1519/R-16284.1,.
H. A. Feldner, D. Howell, V. E. Kelly, S. W. McCoy, and K. M. Steele, “‘Look, Your Muscles Are Firing!’: A Qualitative Study of Clinician Perspectives on the Use of Surface Electromyography in Neurorehabilitation,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 663–675,.2019, doi: 10.1016/J.APMR.2018.09.120.
A. Herchenhan, N. S. Kalson, D. F. Holmes, P. Hill, K. E. Kadler, and L. Margetts, “Tenocyte contraction induces crimp formation in tendon-like tissue,” Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., vol. 11, no. 3–4, pp. 449–459, 2012, doi: 10.1007/S10237-011-0324-0,.
N. F. Banks, E. M. Rogers, and N. D. Jenkins, “Neither Traditional Nor Flywheel Resistance Training Increases Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity In Healthy Young Adults,” Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc., vol. 55, no. 9S, pp. 406–406, 2023, doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000983624.38330.6D.
H. J. Hermens, B. Freriks, C. Disselhorst-Klug, and G. Rau, “Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures,” J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 361–374, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00027-4.
P. Konrad, The ABC of EMG ‐ A Practical Introduction to Kinesiological Electromyography. Noraxon USA Inc, 2005.
D. G. Allen, G. D. Lamb, and H. Westerblad, “Skeletal muscle fatigue: Cellular mechanisms,” Physiol. Rev., vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 287–332, 2008, doi: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2007.
A. Romero-Corral et al., “Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population,” Int. J. Obes., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 959–966, 2008, doi: 10.1038/IJO.2008.11,.
M. Tramontano, S. Li, and R. Merletti, “Editorial: Surface EMG and other measurement techniques in rehabilitation research and practice: are new educational programs needed?,” Front. Rehabil. Sci., vol. 6, p. 1565879, 2025, doi: 10.3389/FRESC.2025.1565879/BIBTEX.
A. H. Ramsook et al., “Effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle electromyography and dyspnea during exercise in healthy men,” J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 122, no. 5, pp. 1267–1275, 2017, doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00046.2017.
M. Al-Ayyad, H. A. Owida, R. De Fazio, B. Al-Naami, and P. Visconti, “Electromyography Monitoring Systems in Rehabilitation: A Review of Clinical Applications, Wearable Devices and Signal Acquisition Methodologies,” Electron., vol. 12, no. 7, 2023, doi: 10.3390/electronics12071520.
T. Hamada, D. G. Sale, J. D. MacDougall, and M. A. Tarnopolsky, “Postactivation potentiation, fiber type, and twitch contraction time in human knee extensor muscles,” J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 2131–2137, 2000, doi: 10.1152/JAPPL.2000.88.6.2131/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/JAPP05615005X.JPEG.
S. Guruhan, N. Kafa, Z. B. Ecemis, and N. A. Guzel, “Muscle Activation Differences During Eccentric Hamstring Exercises,” Sports Health, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 181–186, 2021, doi: 10.1177/1941738120938649.
T. W. Boonstra, “Cortical adaptations during muscle fatigue: the role of sensorimotor oscillations,” Acta Physiol., vol. 220, no. 3, pp. 307–309, 2017, doi: 10.1111/apha.12879.
K. A. Greene, S. S. Withers, L. Lenchik, J. A. Tooze, and A. A. Weaver, “Trunk Skeletal Muscle Changes on CT with Long-Duration Spaceflight,” Ann. Biomed. Eng., vol. 49, no. 4, p. 1257, 2021, doi: 10.1007/S10439-021-02745-8.
U. Proske and S. C. Gandevia, “The proprioceptive senses: Their roles in signaling body shape, body position and movement, and muscle force,” Physiol. Rev., vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 1651–1697, 2012, doi: 10.1152/PHYSREV.00048.2011.
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