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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICONAZOLE NITRATE–LOADED TRANSFEROSOMES INCORPORATED INTO TRANSDERMAL PATCHES FOR ENHANCED ANTIFUNGAL DELIVERY
Background: Transdermal delivery of antifungal agents experiences ongoing difficulties because the stratum corneum functions as an effective protective barrier. Transferosomes function as ultra-deformable lipid vesicles which contain phospholipids and edge activators to provide improved skin penetration capabilities and continuous medication release. Objective: Todevelope transferosomes which contained miconazole nitrate to achieve better antifungal treatment through controlled administration methods which is then tested on polymeric transdermal patches. Methods: Transferosomes are createdby using thethin-film hydration methodwhich contained various soy lecithin and surfactant (Span 20 and Span 60) ratios. The researchers assessed the vesicles through testing their particle size and SEM-based morphological analysis and their ability to trap materials. The transdermal patchescombined PVP K-30 and HPMC K4M and propylene glycol as a plasticizer with the optimized transferosomal dispersion. It ismodified by Franz diffusion cell system to test prepared patches for their drug diffusion abilities and their physicochemical characteristics. Results: The enhanced formulation (F4) achieved its highest entrapment efficiency with a successful rate of 50.6 ± 1.0% and generated particles that measured 460 nanometers. SEM analysis confirmed the existence of spherical vesicles that exhibited a smooth appearance. The patches which contained transferosomes showed uniformity in their thickness which ranged from 0.91 to 0.95 millimeters and their drug content which ranged from 92 to 95% and their moisture content. The F1 formulation released 86.78% of its contents through in-vitro diffusion tests which showed sustained drug release for 10 hours. Conclusion: The transdermal patches that contained transferosome technology showed significant improvement of miconazole nitrate drug delivery and continuous release capabilities which made them suitable for use as an effective antifungal transdermal delivery system.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICCONAZOLE LOADED TRANSFEROSOME PATCHES TO TREAT FUNGAL DISEASE
The research work was carred out to develop a transferosomalpatchesloaded miconazole for fungal treatment. Variousformulations of transfersomes were prepared and evaluated. Prepared patcheswere prepared and evaluated for pH measurement, weight uniformity, folding endurance, thickness, moisture loss and drug release study, weight uniformity was found that 19.913(mg), folding endurance was found to be>150 , thickness of patches was found to be 138.5(mm), moisture loss was 0.681.By Frans diffusion cell method the drug absorption will be ensured and found to be 227nm.
Metabolic Dysfunction at the Culprit Lesion: The Triglyceride–Glucose Index as a Marker of Thrombus Burden and No-Reflow in STEMI
Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restores epicardial patency in most patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), yet adequate tissue reperfusion is not assured. A large intracoronary thrombus can promote distal embolization, while microvascular obstruction may produce no-reflow despite an angiographically patent infarct-related artery. Both conditions are associated with greater myocardial injury and poorer clinical outcomes. Insulin resistance contributes toendothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperreactivity, inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired fibrinolysis, and microvascular injury
Triglyceride–glucose index, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, intracoronary thrombus, no-reflow phenomenon, primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Hanan Abdelsalam Ali Samour, Mohammed Wafaei AboEleineen , Ahmed El-Sayed Ahmed El Morsi, Mohamed Saad El-Shetry
Hormonal Response and Reproductive Outcome Following PGF2α Luteolysis and eCG Treatment in Diestrus Bitches
Background: The prolonged diestrus phase in bitches poses a physiological barrier to reducing the inter-estrus interval, making hormonal induction a complex challenge lacking precise timing protocols. This study addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the optimal stage for eCG/hCG intervention following PGF2α-induced luteolysis to determine how the diestrus phase influences estrus induction and conception rates and to evaluate the effect of the time elapsed from the day of nadir progesterone concentration to the initiation of the treatment
Bitch; Estrus Induction; CL; PGF2alfa; eCG; Progesterone; LH.
Ahmed Alaa Eldin Ahmed Safwat, Abd el-salam Eidaroos, Asmaa A. Abdallah
Blood Transfusion Knowledge and Nursing Practice in Tertiary Hospitals:An Evidence Based Review
Background: Blood transfusion is an indispensable therapeutic intervention in modern internal medicine, playing a pivotal role in the management of acute hemorrhage, severe anemia, hematological disorders, malignancies, chronic kidney disease, and critically ill patients. Despite substantial advances in transfusion medicine, blood transfusion remains a high-risk clinical procedure because it involves multiple sequential processes that require strict adherence to evidence-based protocols. Errors occurring at any stage of the transfusion pathway
Blood Transfusion, Knowledge, Nursing Practice
Monkez M Yousif, Ghada M Samir, Shaimaa Ali Farag, Nahawand A. El-Deeb
Early-Onset Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Etiologic Factors, and Clinical Implications
Background: Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, largely due to its aggressive biology, absence of effective population-based screening strategies, and frequent diagnosis at advanced stages. Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) predominantly affects older individuals, an increasing body of evidence has identified a distinct subgroup of patients diagnosed at a younger age, commonly referred to as early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC), typically defined as pancreatic cancer occurring before 50 years of age. Despite representing a minority of pancreatic cancer cases, EOPC has attracted growing clinical interest because of its potentially unique epidemiologic characteristics, differential exposure to risk factors, higherprevalence of hereditary susceptibility, and implications for precision medicine and targeted prevention strategies.
Early-Onset, Pancreatic Cancer, Clinical Implications
Ramy I El hendawy , Sherif M Galal , Emad A. Moustafa , Sara Tarek Zaher , Sherif Mahmoud Hassan , Ahmed Abdelmoaty
Health Problems, Pain Severity, and Neck Disability for The Patients with Herniated Cervical Disc
Background: Cervical disc herniation is one of the most common spinal disorders in the world.Patients with cervical disc herniation(CDH) often experience a complex interaction between physical and psychological health issues that contribute to increased pain intensity and functional disability. The study aimed to evaluate health issues,pain intensity,and neck disability regarding patients with herniated cervical disc. Research design:A descriptive research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in neurosurgery department at Accidental Hospital and neurosurgery out patient clinic at Zagazig University Hospitals.
:Health Issues ,Pain intensity,Neck Disability,and Cervical Disc Herniation.
Hanan Soliman Ali , Nadia Mohamed Taha , Safaa Hussein Mohamed and Mona Abdullah Mohamed Ali
Predictors of Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Pediatric Cannabis Intoxication: A Narrative Review
Background: Acute pediatric cannabis intoxication has emerged as an increasingly important public health and toxicological concern following the expanding legalization of medical and recreational cannabis and the widespread availability of high-potency cannabis products, particularly edible formulations. Young children are especially vulnerable because of exploratory behavior, lower body mass, immature metabolic pathways, and increased susceptibility to the central nervous system effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although most pediatric exposures result in complete recovery with supportive care, an increasing number of children present with severe neurological and cardiorespiratory complications requiring intensive care
Outcomes, Acute Pediatric. Cannabis Intoxication
Wafaa Ibrahim Soliman, Manar Hamed Mostafa Arafa , Asmaa Ahmed Abdelaziz Shabana, Yasmin Alaidy Elsaeed Mohammed
Career Plateau and Innovative work behaviour Among nurses at Zagazig University Hospitals
Background: Career plateau among nurses refers to a sense of stalled career growth that may reduce motivation and engagement. This can limit innovative work behaviour. The aim of study was to assess nursing staff perception regarding career plateau and innovative work behavior among nurses atZagazig University Hospitals. Research design: This study was conducted using a descriptive research design. Setting: This study wasconducted at Zagazig University Hospitals.
Career Plateau, Innovative work behaviour , Among nurses.
Rania Elsayed Abd Elsalam , Magda Atiya Gaber , Wafaa Mostafa Mohamed
Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure for Refractory Frontal Sinus Disease: Indications, Surgical Technique, Outcomes, and Complications
Background: The frontal sinus remains one of the most technically demanding regions in endoscopic sinonasal surgery because of its narrow drainage pathway, highly variable pneumatization, acute access angle, and proximity to the orbit and anterior skull base. Although limited frontal sinusotomy is sufficient for many patients, persistent inflammation, osteitis, postoperative scarring, recurrent polyposis, mucoceles, and selected tumors may cause failure of conventional approaches. The Draf III procedure, also known as the endoscopic
Draf III; modified Lothrop procedure; frontal sinusotomy; chronic frontal rhinosinusitis
Adly Ahmed Tantawy, Magdy Ibrahim Gouda, Isamel Sedik Elnashar, Mohamed Abdelrahman Fatouha
Current Evidence on Conventional Radiofrequency Denervation versus Medial Branch Block in Chronic Lumbar Facet Joint Pain
Background: Chronic lumbar facet joint pain is a major contributor to chronic low back pain and represents a significant source of disability, impaired functional capacity, and reduced quality of life worldwide. Lumbar facet joints account for approximately 15–45% of cases of chronic axial low back pain, yet accurate diagnosis remains challenging because of overlapping clinical manifestations with other spinal pain generators, including intervertebral discs, sacroiliac joints, and paraspinal structures. Diagnostic medialbranch block has become the accepted reference standard for identifying facet-mediated pain, while interventional procedures have gained increasing importance in patients who fail conservative management. Among these interventions,
Chronic lumbar facet joint pain; medial branch block; conventional radiofrequency denervation.
Hassan Hussien Mohamed Mohamed, Mohammed Shehta Tawfeek, Olfat Abdelmoniem Ibrahem Amin, Khadeja Mahmoud Mohamed El-Hossieny
Redefining Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock: The Role of the Phoenix Criteria
Background: Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a major contributor to childhood mortality, organ dysfunction, and long-term disability worldwide. For many years, pediatric sepsis was defined using systemic inflammatory response syndrome–based criteria, although these criteria showed limited specificity, inconsistent bedside application, and inadequate discrimination of children at greatest risk of death. The Phoenix Sepsis Criteria were introduced to provide an evidence-based, globally applicable definition centered on infection-associated organ dysfunction.
Phoenix Sepsis Score; pediatric sepsis; septicemia; septic shock
Mohamed Ragab Abdellatif , Marwa Medhat Hanaa Eldein Mohamed Elbasiouny, Dalia A. Abdelrahman
Indianness and Superstition: A Critical Evaluation of Contemporary Men and Milieu
In her literary works, namely Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard and Inheritance of Loss, Kiran Desai offers a "real-life examination" of the complex intersections between "Indianness," widespread superstition and the shifting social landscape of modern India. This study discusses the idea of culture
Indianness, Superstition, Contemporary Milieu, Kiran Desai, Colonial Mimicry, Religious Dogma, Identity Crisis, Cultural Fragrance
Multiparametric MRI in Primary Rectal Cancer Staging: Diagnostic Pitfalls, Controversies, and Problem-Solving Strategies
Background: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging is the principal imaging modality for local staging and preoperative risk stratification of rectal cancer. Its value extends beyond conventional tumor–node–metastasis classification by identifying prognostically important features that influence neoadjuvant treatment selection, surgical planning, and the feasibility of sphincter-preserving approaches. These features include tumor relationship to the mesorectal fascia, depth of extramural invasion, extramural venous
Rectal cancer; multiparametric MRI; primary staging; diagnostic pitfalls
Mohamed Fathy Khater, Ahmed Abdelazim Ismail, Nesma Adel Zeed, Esraa Mohamed Abdelrahman Saleh Elhawy
Management of the Difficult Pediatric Airway: Current Strategies and Clinical Approaches
Background: Management of the difficult pediatric airway remains a major challenge in anesthesia and critical care because children possess unique anatomical and physiological characteristics that increase the risk of airway obstruction, hypoxemia, and failed intubation. Limited oxygen reserve, higher oxygen consumption, and anatomical variations such as a relatively large tongue, anterior larynx, and narrow airway contribute to rapid deterioration during airway manipulation
Difficult Pediatric Airway, Clinical Approaches, Pediatric anatomical considerations
Mohamed Ashraf Ahmed Kadry Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed Salama, Manal Salah El Din Farmawy, Rehab Abd-Allah Wahdan
Nursing Performance and Therapeutic Regimen Compliance of Patients Post Renal Transplantation
Background: Kidney Transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney is implanted into a person with End-Stage Renal Disease or chronic kidney failure. This study aimed to evaluate nursing performance and therapeutic regimen compliance of patients post renal transplantation. A descriptive design was utilized.
Nursing Performance, Renal Transplantation, Therapeutic Regimen ,Compliance
Fatma Abdel Hakim Abdelmonaem, Fathia Attia Mohamed , Howida Kameel Zytoon , Amira Sabry Mohammed
Coronary Endarterectomy for Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease: From a Controversial Procedure to a Strategy for Complete Surgical Revascularization
Background: Diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the greatest challenges in surgical coronary revascularization because severe, long-segment atherosclerotic involvement frequently precludes conventional distal bypass grafting and limits the achievement of complete myocardial revascularization. Coronary endarterectomy (CE), originally introduced before the widespread adoption of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), was historically associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality, leading to decadesof controversy regarding its routine use. However, advances in myocardial protection, surgical techniques
Coronary endarterectomy; Coronary artery bypass grafting; Diffuse coronary artery disease; Complete myocardial revascularization.
Mohamed Ezzat Helmy Mohamed Abdelrahman, Mostafa Abdelmohsen Elnewehy, Ehab Sobhy Ragab, Amr Hassan Mansour, Walid Abdallah Attia Hassan Sherif
Towards a Healthy City: An Indicator-Based Assessment of Port Said, Egypt
Background: The purpose of this study is to drive the process of transforming Port Said city (in the Arab Republic of Egypt) towards the Healthy Cities approach as being defined by the World Health Organization. It aims to seek to what extent the city possesses the characteristics of a Healthy City, identify the most significant challenges and obstacles that may prevent its transition to this approach and propose a set of policies and procedures to support this transformation. The methodology relies on a precise quantitative analysis based on recent statistical and field data, through which the current situation in Port Said is compared with a list of 48 indicators of healthy cities,
Healthy Cities, Indicator-Based Assessment, Port Said City, Egypt.
Hosam Kotb El-Ghorab, Nancy Mostafa Hassan Mohamed El-Khawas
Adherence of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure to Therapeutic Regimen
Background: Chronic renal failure is a global health and healthcare burden that is rapidly increasing. Therapeutic adherence is a crucial factor that helps these patients to achieve good therapeutic results and reduces morbidity and mortality. Adherence to the treatment was affected by several factors which are grouped to treatment regimen, psychosocial and economic factors, the factors related to healthcaresystem and the factors related to illness
Adherence, Chronic Renal Failure, Therapeutic Regimen.
Nada Ahmed Mohamed , Fathia Attia Mohamed , Elham Hamd Mohamed, Mohamed Hebeshy Abd-elgayed
Nurses' Performance Regarding Arthroplasty and Patients' Safety Measures
Background: Arthroplasty (knee and hip) are effective treatments for late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) and have the potential to substantially increase patient quality of life after the surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nurses' performance regarding arthroplasty and patients' safety measures.
Nurses' Performance, Patients' Safety Measures, Arthroplasty.
Fatma Habib Mohamed Mahmoud , Fathia Attia Mohamed , Naglaa Abd ElKareem Moghazy , and Fatma Mohamed Abdelhamid
Attitude and Motivators of Community Dwelling Older Adults Toward Using Mobile Health Technology
Background: Mobile health technology presents opportunities for health management in older adults. Although it can enhance monitoring and communication with healthcare providers, there are barriers that may impede its adoption. Aim of the study: Evaluate attitude and motivators of community dwelling older adults toward using mobile health technology. Subjects and Methods: Research design: Descriptive design. Setting: The study was conducted at Fadadna village, Fakous city, Sharkia governorate, Egypt, which was randomly selected by using the multistage cluster sampling technique. Subjects: The study subjects were 300 rural older adults, a purposive sample was used
Attitude, Community Dwelling Older Adults, Mobile Health Technology, Motivators.
Nosa Elsayed Mohamed Elsayed , Eman Shokry Abdallah , Reda Abd-Elrahman Ahmed
Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Contemporary Revascularization Strategies
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The coexistence of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney dysfunction accelerates atherosclerosis through complex metabolic, inflammatory, and vascular mechanisms, resulting in more extensive coronary involvement and poorer cardiovascular outcomes than those observed in the general population
Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetic Kidney Disease, Revascularization Strategies
Mahmoud Abdelaziz Abdelrashid, Ahmed Shafie Ammar, Abdulrahman Abdullah Abdulrahman Ibrahim*, Shimaa Gamal Zien El Abdeen
Digital Artery Perforator-Based Propeller Flaps for Fingertip Defects: Clinical Evaluation and Reconstructive Considerations
Background: Fingertip injuries are common hand trauma presentations and may cause functional, sensory, and aesthetic impairment when reconstruction is inadequate. Digital artery perforator-based propeller flaps provide local, vascularized, sensate-compatible tissue while preserving the main digital artery and avoiding staged procedures.This review evaluates the anatomical basis, reconstructive indications, surgical principles, clinical outcomes, advantages, limitations, and complications of digital artery perforator-based propeller flaps for fingertip defect reconstruction
Digital Artery Perforator-Based Propeller Flaps, Fingertip Defect, Clinical Evaluation , Reconstructive Considerations
Raafat Abd El-Latif Anani, Amr Nabil Emara Gafar, Ayman FIkry Mehanna, Hisham Aboalez Ibrahim
Endothelial Injury Biomarkers in Pediatric Lupus: Focus on Endocan as an Early Predictor of Vascular Dysfunction
Background: Pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by heightened disease severity, cumulative organ damage, and increased long-term cardiovascular morbidity compared with adult-onset disease. Endothelial dysfunction represents a critical early event in the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis observed in children with lupus, often preceding overt clinical cardiovascular disease. Traditional cardiovascular risk assessment tools are insufficient in pediatric lupus, underscoring
Vascular Dysfunction, Endothelial Injury , Pediatric Lupus
Mona Hamed Gehad , Ezzat kamel Amin , Esraa Ashraf Mahmoud Ali , Rabab Mohamed Abdelhay , Weaam Ibrahim Ismail
Anatomical and Embryological Consequences of Prenatal Oxcarbazepine Exposure on Hippocampal and Cerebral Cortical Development
Background: Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a second-generation antiseizure medication widely prescribed for the management of epilepsy and other neurological disorders in women of reproductive age. Although OXC is generally considered to possess a more favorable teratogenic profile than several older antiseizure medications, increasing experimental evidence has raised concerns regarding its potential influence on fetal brain development. The hippocampus and cerebral cortex are among the most complex and vulnerable regions of the developing central nervous system, undergoing tightly regulated processes of neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and programmed cell death throughout embryonic and fetal life. Any disruption of these events during critical developmental windows may result in persistent structural and functional abnormalities with long-term neurodevelopmental consequences.
Anatomical, Embryological, Consequences, Oxcarbazepine, Hippocampal ,Cerebral Cortical Development
Ayat M Domouky, Samaa Salah Abd El-Fatah, Esraa Nagy Abdelhameed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Ramadan Elkholy
Coronary Artery Tortuosity: Beyond an Incidental Angiographic Finding:Implications for Myocardial Mechanics Evaluated by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography
Background: Coronary artery tortuosity (CAT) has traditionally been regarded as a benign angiographic finding with limited clinical significance. However, accumulating evidence suggests that CAT may be associated with altered coronary hemodynamics, reduced distal perfusion pressure, impaired coronary flow reserve, and myocardial ischemia even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients with CAT frequently present with angina-like symptoms, positive stress tests, or reversible perfusion abnormalities despite normal epicardial coronary arteries. In recent years, advances in myocardial deformation imaging have enabled the detection of subtle abnormalities
Coronary Artery Tortuosity, Angiographic Finding, Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography
Ahmed Shaker, Mohamed Wafaie M. M. Aboleineen , Muhammad El Sayed El Sayed Moustafa, Shimaa Gamal Zein ELabdeen
Potential Effects of Liraglutide on Male Reproductive Dysfunction Associated with Obesity
Background: Obesity is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to male reproductive dysfunction through hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, and direct damage to testicular tissue. These alterations may reduce testosterone production, impair spermatogenesis, decrease sperm quality, and increase the risk of hypogonadism and infertility. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is widely used for glycemic control and weight management and may exert additional reproductive benefits through metabolic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endocrinemechanisms. This review evaluates the potential effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated male reproductive dysfunction
Liraglutide, Male Reproductive Dysfunction, Obesity
Mohamed Abdel Raouf ElGhannam, Reham Hassan Ibrahim, Nada Abdel Maksoud Mohamed Salah Eldeen, Lamiaa Goda Mohammad
Clinical Utility of Interleukins in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Background: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is one of the most frequent and devastating complications of sepsis, substantially increasing morbidity, mortality, length of intensive care unit stay, and long-term risk of chronic kidney disease. Despite advances in supportive care, early diagnosis and accurate risk stratification remain challenging because conventional biomarkers, including serum creatinine and urine output, often fail to detect renal injury during
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-10
Khaled Mohammed Youssef , Ahmed Noaman , Yasser Abdelmonem Abdelsalam Hindy , Ahmed Abdulsaboor Mohamed and Usama Ragab
Predictors of Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and significant systemic manifestations. COPD remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems and negatively affecting quality of life. Despite advances in pharmacological and nonpharmacological management, mortality rates among COPD
Predictors , Mortality , Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Amany Shaker Redwan, Alaa Metwally Mohamed, Amira Ahmed Abdelrahman Mohamed, Dalia Anas Ibrahim
PREVALENCE AND CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF SKIN DISORDERS AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS ATTENDING A DERMATOLOGY OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: The global and Indian populations are ageing rapidly, and age-related decline in skin-barrier function, immunosenescence and a rising burden of chronic disease make cutaneous disorders exceptionally common among older adults. Contemporary region-specific data describing the pattern of geriatric dermatoses in South India remain limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of skin disorders among elderly patients (aged >=60 years) attending a dermatology outpatient department in South India, to characterise the spectrum and clinical manifestations of these disorders, and to describe the accompanying comorbidity, polypharmacy and risk-factor profile. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study analysed 300 consecutive patients aged >=60 years attending a tertiary-care dermatology outpatient service. Each patient underwent a complete dermatological examination; data on demographics, diagnosis, body site, morphology, severity, symptoms, comorbidities, polypharmacy, risk factors and diagnostic basis were recorded on a structured proforma. Descriptive statistics were computed and associations tested using the chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age was 71.7 years (SD 7.4; range 60-84) with a male predominance (168; 56.0%; M:F 1.27:1). At least one skin disorder was present in 246 of 300 patients (82.0%). Xerosis was the single commonest diagnosis (46; 15.3%), followed by fungal infection (44; 14.7%) and eczematous dermatitis (40; 13.3%). Infective dermatoses collectively (fungal, bacterial, viral and scabies) formed the largest disease category, affecting 90 patients (30.0%). The lower limb was the commonest site and dry scaling the commonest morphology; pruritus (58.1%) was the dominant symptom, and the mean lesion duration was 186.7 days. The population carried a heavy burden of hypertension (58.7%), polypharmacy (>=5 drugs; 50.3%) and diabetes mellitus (43.3%). Diabetes was not significantly associated with the presence of any skin disorder (chi-square = 0.11, p = 0.74). Conclusion: A very high proportion (82.0%) of elderly dermatology attendees had at least one skin disorder, typically of long duration. Xerosis was the commonest specific diagnosis and infective dermatoses the largest category, against a background of substantial comorbidity and polypharmacy. The findings support dedicated geriatric-dermatology services, emollient and skin-care education, and attention to polypharmacy in South India.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr.Ganesam Venkata Lakshmi Naveena1, Dr. Ponaka Srilatha Reddy2 (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en