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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Determinants, Multifunctional Applications, and Toxicological Implications Across Biological Systems
Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as one of the most extensively investigated nanomaterials owing to their unique magnetic properties, versatile surface chemistry, and broad applicability across biomedical, industrial, food, environmental, and agricultural sectors. Their increasing integration into clinical imaging, drug delivery, food additives, cosmetics, and environmental remediation has markedly expanded the potential for human exposure, raising
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Toxicological Implications, Biological Systems
Mie Mohammed Samir Gomaa, Nashwa Mohamad Mohamad Shalaby, Mohamed Abdelrahman Ghoneim Shaheen, Hoda Gamal Ghonemy Ibrahim
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
EFFICACY OF TWO MODES OF PROJECT-BASED TEACHING METHODS ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SCIENCE TEACHERS, EDUCATIONAL AND BUSINESS MANAGERS
This study examined the efficacy of two modes of project-based teaching methods (grouped and individualized) on students’ interest in Basic Science and Technology, with gender as a moderating variable. The study was motivated by the persistent low interest and engagement of students in Basic Science, which is critical for scientific literacy and national development. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 76 secondary school students (34 males and 42 females) from selected schools. The Basic Science Interest Scale (BSIS) was used to collect pre-test and post-test data. Reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha, which gave reliability coefficient of 0.84. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that students taught using the Group Project-Based Teaching Method recorded significantly higher interest scores than those taught using the Individualized Project-Based Teaching Method; there was no significant difference in the mean interest scores of male and female students in Basic Science, although male students recorded slightly higher interest ratings than their female counterparts; the interaction effect of gender and teaching methods on students’ interest in Basic Science was not significant. It recommends that science teachers adopt these methods, while educational and business managers provide resources and support to facilitate their implementation.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Fiscal Imbalances and Debt Sustainability in India: The Role of Growth, Unemployment, and Interest Burden
The dynamics in the post-reform period of the Indian public debt are not only characterised by the presence of fiscal imbalances but also by the interplay between deficit financing, employment pressures, growth performance and increasing interest commitments. Although traditional methods of debt sustainability tend to use the traditional focus on fiscal discipline, the experience in India has indicated that structural labor market factors
Public debt; fiscal deficit; unemployment; economic growth; fiscal responsibility; India
AZITHROMYCIN AND CO-AMOXICLAV AT DIFFERENT DOSAGES HAVE BEEN PROMOTED FOR TREATING CHILDREN WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
The effectiveness of azithromycin in treating acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was evaluated through a comparison study with co-amoxiclav. Depending on their weight, the children received either azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) or co-amoxiclav (45/11.25 mg/kg/day). Co-amoxiclav treatment cured 87 percent, whereas azithromycin treatment cured 91 percent. In view of P=0.55, we conclude that there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The drug, however, caused significantly fewer adverse reactions in patients, most of which occurred in the gastrointestinal system. Patients who received azithromycin and co-amoxiclav between 25 and 30 days after treatment showed improvement by their third visit. The benefits of azithromycin are greater for children with LRTI than those of coamoxiclav because it is safe, effective, and convenient.
ZONISAMIDE: EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY IN CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY: A POSTMARKETING STUDY IN INTELLECTUALLY NORMAL AND DISABLED CHILDREN
An analysis was done to determine zonisamide's long-term efficacy and safety in the treatment of childhood epilepsy, comparing its outcomes for intellectually normal and intellectually disabled children. Among the 349 subjects, all were younger than 15 years of age; they were divided into two groups based on their intellectual abilities: the intellectually normal group (n=184) and the intellectually disabled group (n=165). It was found that 62 percent of subjects improved on seizure control over the previous month, with 78 percent of subjects responding better than 45 percent of subjects with intellectual disabilities. There is some evidence that zonisamide is not only effective in partial and generalized seizures, but it is also superior in this case when applied to people who are intellectually normal. There were 24 percent of patients who reported having adverse effects that were more severe when monotherapy was used compared to combination therapy. It is clear that zonisamide may be useful in treating partial and generalized seizures in children, but adverse events should be monitored, especially when used in combination with other medications.
Intellectually disabled children and Adverse effects
TOPIRAMATE FOR REFRACTORY EPILEPSY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A MULTI-CENTER TRIAL ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SIDE EFFECTS
This paper compared the efficacy and safety of topiramate in young children and infants with refractory epilepsy. A total of 24 children, aged 6 to 60 months, diagnosed with refractory epilepsy were included in the study. Three tertiary hospitals were used to recruit these children and the study protocol was accepted by the ethical committees of all the participating institutions. The first endpoint was the change of seizure frequency, with therapeutic responses categorized as satisfactory (seizure-free or >50% reduction) or unsatisfactory (≤50% reduction or worsening). The study also monitored side effects, including cognitive and physical symptoms, as well as changes in concomitant antiepileptic drug levels, liver function, and overall health. The results showed that 50% of the participants had a satisfactory response, with 21% achieving complete seizure freedom. The highest efficacy was observed in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, followed by those with cryptogenic epilepsy. Common side effects included somnolence, poor appetite, irritability, and fatigue, all of which were generally mild and transient. Severe side effects, such as worsened seizures and hypothyroidism, were rare. Despite some limitations, including the absence of blood level monitoring for topiramate and a short follow-up period, the study supports topiramate as a viable treatment for refractory epilepsy in pediatric patients, particularly in cases where other AEDs have failed.
Building Climate Capability: Green HRM and Emissions-Linked Rewards in Bangladesh
Corporations are increasingly adopting climate objectives; yet, many find it challenging to integrate these goals into daily operations and achieve quantifiable carbon reductions. This paper hypothesizes and examines how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and emissions-linked incentives (ELR) together develop climate capabilities, which are characterized as the routines, skills, and governance practices that facilitate Scope 1–3 abatement. Utilizing strategic human capital and dynamic capabilities, we assert that (i) GHRM directly improves employees’ climate knowledge, motivation, and opportunities for action; (ii) ELR reinforces the instrumental pathway by linking rewards to validated emissions performance; and (iii) climate capabilities mediate the effects on pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and emissions performance. We estimate a structural equation model using a multi-firm, multi-respondent survey including managers and staff, alongside organization-level emissions KPIs. Results demonstrate that GHRM (β≈0.41, p<.001) and ELR (β≈0.27, p<.01) are both predictors of climate capacities, exhibiting a positive interaction (β≈0.12, p<.05). Capabilities subsequently predicted PEB (β≈0.48, p<.001) and enhancements in emissions intensity (β≈0.22, p<.05). We examine the consequences of implementation: integrate climate responsibilities into roles, certify training, accurately assess abatement, and incentivize teams based on confirmed reductions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Mohamed Kaisarul Haq, Dr. Farzana Nazera, Mohammad Shah Alam Chowdhury (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
THE ORAL DEXAMETHASONE EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING GASTROINTESTINAL AND NEUROLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS OF METRIZAMIDE LUMBAR MYELOGRAPHY: A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Background: One of the most popular contrast agents is metrizamide which is also nonionic and the reason behind its high application in lumbar myelography is because of its high diagnostic quality as compared to the older contrast agents such as Pantopaque. But it has a range of side effects, especially gastrointestinal in nature, nausea, vomiting, headaches and others. Previous research has indicated that these side effects can be decreased by steroid treatments. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of oral dexamethasone in the management of gastrointestinal and other adverse effects that are prevalent with metrizamide lumbar myelography. Methods: It was a double-blinded placebo-controlled study together with 145 adult patients with either chronic low back and/or leg pain and underwent lumbar metrizamide myelography. At intervals, the participants were randomly grouped into dexamethasone (4 mg) and placebo before and after the procedure. The severity of the symptoms was evaluated by the use of a 24-item symptom checklist prior to the procedure and 24 hours post-procedure. Chi-square tests, correlation coefficients, and post hoc tests were the methods used to analyze the data to determine the relationship between treatment and changes in the symptoms. Results: The findings demonstrated that there was a statistically significant decrease in vomiting symptoms in the dexamethasone group whereby 10.5% patients in the placebo group reported increased vomiting symptoms as compared to 0 in the dexamethasone group ( 2 -test = 4.48, p = 0.034). The difference in other symptoms like headache and nausea was not statistically significant although there was a reduction. Pain in the legs and weakness in legs or feet were also significantly improved in the dexamethasone group, also not significantly. The results of the analysis also indicated a positive relationship between nausea and the scores on MMPI hysteria in the group of dexamethasone. Conclusion: In patients who underwent metrizamide lumbar myelography, oral dexamethasone was effective in the reduction of some gastrointestinal side effects especially vomiting. Even though the drug failed to alleviate all the side effects, its protective effects were specifically noticeable in the elderly patients. Personality traits also were recognized as having an impact on reporting of nausea and other symptoms in the study.
EFFECTS OF ALENDRONATE, HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND COMBINATION TREATMENT ON HIP STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY IN OLDER WOMEN: A HIP STRUCTURE ANALYSIS- BASED RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Background: The antiresorptive therapy can only partially explain the reduction in the fracture risk by augmenting the bone mineral density (BMD). Structural geometry is also an important factor in bone strength and it cannot be sufficiently measured alone with BMD. Purpose: To assess the impact of alendronate (ALN), hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and a combination of the two on the hip structural geometry through hip structure analysis (HSA). Methods: HSA was reanalyzed (in 76 older women) with the use of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial followed up over a 3 year period. The HSA measurements of the cross-sectional area, cortical thickness, section modulus, and BMD of the femur neck were evaluated. Findings: There were no differences in baseline characteristics. The active treatments yielded great improvements on majority of the structural indices as compared to placebo. Combination therapy showed the highest increases of cross-sectional area, cortical thickness, section modulus and BMD by HSA, intermediary effects of ALN and minor yet significant effects by HRT. Conclusion: Antiresorptive therapy, and specifically a combination therapy, has a significant improvement in the geometry of the hip structure indicating an improvement in mechanical strength going beyond simple alteration in the BMD.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
COMPARATIVE LONG-TERM SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF COMBINATION CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE THERAPY IN SCALP PSORIASIS
Psoriasis of the scalp is widespread, hard to treat, and commonly has poor adherence due to difficulty with topical application and impact of cosmetic acceptability on continued usage. A two-compound scalp formulation containing calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate was also designed at a fixed dose to enhance the convenience and tolerability in addition to long-term safety. Methods: This was a long-term randomized comparative safety study, in which 900 adults with a minimum scalp psoriasis of moderate level were randomly assigned to two scalp formulation groups consisting of two compounds and calcipotriol monotherapy (nor 450). Routine clinical practice was followed with regard to the use of treatments once per day, as necessary, and with a 12-month follow-up. The variables of safety were withdrawals, adverse events, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and events that were potentially linked to long-term exposure to corticosteroids on the scalp. Findings Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. The percentage of patients who withdrew was less with the two compound formulation compared to calcipotriol (21.3% vs 39.8%) and less patients would have not been withdrawn because of the unacceptable adverse events and inadequate efficacy. The incidence of ADRs in both the two-compound formulation and calcipotriol were lower (17.1% vs 29.6%), as well as pruritus and skin irritation. Such a positive tolerability profile was sustained in exposure (0 to 6 months and 0 to 12 months) in patients who had prolonged exposure to treatment. Judged events which could have been associated with long-term corticosteroid use were rare and had a similar frequency in the groups. Conclusion: Long-term as-needed and once-daily use of the two-compound calcipotriol/betamethasone scalp formulation had a good safety and tolerability profile, decreased withdrawal rates and reduced ADRs than calcipotriol monotherapy without any observed increment in corticosteroid-associated scalp adverse events.
IMPACT OF MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON BONE MASS ACCRUAL IN ADOLESCENTS WITH SUBOPTIMAL MAGNESIUM INTAKE: A PILOT STUDY
Pilot in the study was an attempt to test the influence of magnesium (Mg) supplement on the accrual of bone mass in poor dieting adolescents on magnesium. The researchers selected premenarchal girls of ages 8-14 years old and assigned them to magnesium oxide (300mg/day) or placebo in a span of one year. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at baseline, after 6 months, and after 12 months. The increase in total hip BMC was also significantly greater in the Mg-treated group than a placebo group especially in the neck of the femur, total hip and Ward area. Whereas, the effect on the spinal BMC and BMD was comparatively small, the effect was positive in support of Mg group. Mg supplement was also safe and well tolerated and linked with a reasonable compliance. This paper has confirmed the possibilities of Mg supplement on bone health in early teens, and more studies are required on bigger populations.
EFFECTIVENESS OF RIMACTAZID FOR ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN RESISTANT CASES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY
Background: The global rise in antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori has markedly reduced the efficacy of standard eradication regimens. Rifamycin-based treatments constitute optimistic recovery options owing to their low propensity for resistance. Rimactazid (a fixed-dose combination of rifampicin and isoniazid) is broadly accessible and exhibits strong intracellular antibacterial efficacy; however, its clinical application in H. pylori eradication has not been sufficiently studied. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a Rimactazid-based triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori infection in cases with documented resistance or at least two previous eradication regimens failure. Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, individuals with refractory H. pylori infection were allocated to receive either Rimactazid-based triple therapy or a rifabutin-based rescue regimen. Eradication was evaluated by the 13C-urea breath test 8 weeks following therapy. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were used. Results: Two hundred and twelve cases were randomized (106 per group). Eradication rates were significantly elevated in the Rimactazid group (ITT: 82.1%; PP: 86.7%) compared with the control group (ITT: 68.9%; PP: 73.5%). Adverse events were mild and comparable among groups. Conclusions: Rimactazid-based triple treatment is a highly effective and well-tolerated rescue regimen for resistant H. pylori infections eradication.
Artificial Intelligence and Nurse’ s Innovative Behavior
Background: Incorporation of artificial intelligence into healthcare is changing clinical practice, requiring nurses to adapt to new technologies that enhance patient care. As key frontline providers, nurses' innovative behavior characterized by their readiness to embrace and implement novel concepts essential to the successful application o
Artificial intelligence, Innovative behavior, Nurses
Esraa Hassan Abd El Hameed Abd Allah , Fatma Gouda Metwally, Alia Ebrahim Mohamed
Striae Distensae: An Updated Evidence-Based Review of Medical and Procedural Management
Background: Striae distensae (SD), commonly known as stretch marks, are frequent dermal lesions characterized by linear atrophy resulting from connective tissue damage. They commonly occur during pregnancy, puberty, rapid weight change, endocrinopathies, and prolonged corticosteroid exposure. Although benign,striae distensae are often associated with significant cosmetic concern and psychological distress, leading to a high demand for effective treatments.
Amany Nassar, Basma Hamed Ibrahim, Elsayed Mohamed Galal Khater
Beyond MELD and SOFA: Incremental Prognostic Value of INR/Albumin Ratio in Cirrhotic Patients with Sepsis
Background: Background: Sepsis superimposed on cirrhosis remains a major cause of acute decompensation, organ failure, and short-term mortality, despite advances in supportive care. Cirrhotic patients are particularly susceptible to infection due to impaired innate immunity, bacterial translocation, and cirrhosis-associated
Sepsis, Cirrhotic Patients, International Normalized Ratio, Albumin Ratio, Outcome, Mortality Prediction
Sherif Mahmoud Hassan, Alaa Gamal El-Sayed Abdel Baki, Naglaa Ali Khalifa Maysaa A. Saeed
Diagnostic Accuracy of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Detecting Ischemic Heart Disease in Adults Aged Over 40 Years with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the main reason for cardiovascular mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 16% of global mortality. In participants over 40 years of age, the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors significantly elevated the likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA for detecting ischemia-relevant CAD in adults aged >40 years with one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This prospective single-center study was done on 150 cases aged >40 years presenting with suspected stable IHD and at least one cardiovascular risk factor. All patients underwent CCTA followed by ICA ± invasive FFR (≤0.80). Results: Ischemia-relevant CAD was confirmed in 62 patients (41.3%). CCTA established a sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 80.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 77.2%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.7%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 88.7%. Conclusions: CCTA provides excellent diagnostic performance with very high negative predictive value, supporting its role as the gold-standard non-invasive diagnostic test for IHD in adults over 40 years with cardiovascular risk factors.
Coronary computed tomography angiography
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdel Raouf Fouad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Metabolic Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: Pharmacological Strategies Targeting Diabetes-Associated Alzheimer's disease
Background: Alzheimer’s disease represents a leading cause of dementia worldwide and is increasingly recognized as a complex, multifactorial disorder extending beyond classical amyloid and tau pathologies. Growing epidemiological and mechanistic evidence highlights type 2 diabetes mellitus as a major risk factor for cognitive
Metabolic Dysfunction , Neurodegeneration, Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease
Mohamed Elsayed Kelany, Noha Abbas Telep, Amira Mohammed Abdel Hamid, Huda Mohamed Miftah Gargoum
Advances in the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars: Lasers, Radiofrequency, Microneedling, Subcision, and Regenerative Approaches
Background: Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disorder that frequently results in permanent scarring, particularly in moderate-to-severe cases. Atrophic acne scars, including ice-pick, boxcar, and rolling types, represent the most common and therapeutically challenging sequelae. These scars are associated with significant psychosocial distress, impaired quality of life, and longtermcosmetic dissatisfaction. Over the past two decades,
Amani Nassar, Nawal Shohdy, Norhan Hassan
Circulating Long Noncoding RNAs CASC2 and TUG1 as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers for Hepatitis C–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection representing one of its most important etiological factors. Despite advances in surveillance strategies, early diagnosis of HCV-related HCC remains suboptimal. Conventional diagnostic tools
Long Noncoding RNAs, CASC2 , TUG1, Hepatitis C–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Nahla Ibrahim Elattar, Hanan samir Ahmed, Ola Elsayed Abdel Latif Elnaggar, Nahla Elsayed Elgammal
Health Literacy Educational Interventions for Adults With Diabetes: Effects on Glycaemic Control, Self-Management, and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a leading global public health challenge that requires continuous self-management and informed decisionmaking by patients to achieve optimal outcomes. Despite major advances in pharmacological therapies and clinical guidelines, glycemic control and prevention of diabetes-related complications remain suboptimal
Health Literacy, Educational Interventions, Diabetes
Nada Hesham Elawady, Samy Mohamed Seleim, Marwa Bayomi Awadallah, Amany Rashad Aboel Seoud
COMPLIANCE WITH INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS (IMCI) AMONG HEALTH WORKERS IN SELECTED PHCs AT ABAKALIKI METROPOLICS OF EBONYI STATE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY.
Background Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a strategy developed by WHO and UNICEF that aims to reduce childhood mortality, illness, and disability and to improve growth and development of under-five.
Compliance, health worker, IMCI, under-five mortality.
OVUOBA-EMEKA SUSSAN NNENNE, Oko, Constance, C. Njaka Stanley. Obi, Ihuoma A,
The antidiabetic effects of ethnanol bulb extract of Discorea bulbifera in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus, as one of the major diseases affecting human population all over the world has caused significant morbidity and mortality. The management of this condition has raised the demand for safe and costeffective remedial measures due to several side effects associated with the present use of modern medicines. Thus, it is crucial to explore other options for diabetes management such as the use of medicinal plants.
Dioscorea bulbifera; Diabetes; Haematological parameters; Kidney indices; Liver indices; Rats
Eke DO, Akuodor GC, Ofor CC, Ofonakara U, Akpan JL Enendu AC, Nwodo ES, Anele DO, Nweke DHN
CORRELATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A STUDY IN RAIPUR AND DURG DISTRICTS OF CHHATTISGARH
Sickle cell disease is an inherited structural disorder of hemoglobin and a major public health issue in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. Government of Chhattisgarh passed ‘Sickle cell bill’ in the Assembly looking to its previous impact on society. The present study was executed on sickle cell disease patients and controls. A cross-sectional study was done for screening of sickle cell hemoglobin with individual informed written consent, 90 subjects of Raipur & Durg districts, belonging to different caste category, ranging in age between 1.5year to 45 year were screened using 2% sodium meta bisulphate solution. Genotype of individuals with sickle cell hemoglobin as done by Allele specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) analysis and normal individuals were treated as control. ERMA total blood cell counter machine (PCE-210) was used for the analysis of various hematological parameters. The study focused on two aspects. Firstly, mutant beta chain of HbSS was distinguished form normal beta chain of HbAA by using technique of PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. Secondly HbSS, HbAS & HbAA individuals correlated with various hematological indices. We found significant statistical difference for hematological indices – DLC, Leucocytes, bleeding time & clotting time between Sickle cell patients (HbSS & HbAS) & controls.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jayant Kumar, Mitashree Mitra, Manjusha Meshram, Brijesh Kumar Nagwanshi, Prabhat Bhagat, Arun Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Valuable of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) use and awareness in Baiga tribe of particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTg): A cross-sectional study on land and hilly villages of Central India
Background & objectives: Although the known valuable of long-lasting insecticidal nets in providing safety against malaria. Just about 3149 LLINs were distributed in 2018 as an intervention implement against malaria spread in 8 villages under sub health centre Chiyadand, primary health centre Chirpani of Pandaria sub-district, Kabirdham district in Chhattisgarh, India. This present study assessed effect of positive cases at two different ecological parts (Hilly and Land) after LLIN distribution, IEC and explanation determinants. Methods: This study was done to become aware of high risk of malaria in Particularly Vulnerable Baiga Tribe and categorize the geographic risk factors. A cross-sectional village study was in 8 study villages of different locality compare between the years 2017 to 2019. Each village’s household surveyed where people suffer to fever using M1, interviewed with travel history of Positive cases using M3 and LLIN monitoring format structured according NVBDCP guidelines. Results: 738 households of Baiga tribes out of 1131 households were distributed LLIN in 8 villages. Total 65% baiga tribe is live at study villages. In 2017, 785 Malaria positive (499 in hilly villages and 286 in land villages) cases in the households during the survey and in sub health centre while In 2018, only 149 cases founded (43 in hilly villages and 106 in land villages) just about 81% positive cases decreased. In 2019, only 34 positive cases (19 in hilly villages and 15 in land villages) reported just 22.81% positive cases decreased after LLIN distribution. Interpretation & Conclusion: Health education campaigns and creating awareness about the benefit of sleeping under the LLINs in providing safety all the members of the family to have an epidemiological impact of this intervention at the community level.
Particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTg)
Copyright (c) 2026 Jayant Kumar, Suruchi Dewangan, Pranjal Buxy, Radheshyam Tekam, Manjusha Meshram, Chinmaya Kumar Dash, Arun Kumar, Brijesh Kumar Nagwanshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF TEXT NECK SYNDROME AMONG YOUNG ADULTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF SMARTPHONE USAGE IN SABARKANTHA DISTRICT, GUJARAT
Background: Text Neck Syndrome (TNS) is a growing health concern related to the widespread use of smartphones, particularly among young adults. TNS is characterized by musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and upper back, often caused by prolonged forward head posture during smartphone use. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TNS and its association with smartphone usage duration among young adults aged 18-30 years in Sabarkantha district, Gujarat, India. The study sought to assess the severity of musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to smartphone usage habits and posture. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 500 participants randomly selected from both urban and rural areas of Sabarkantha. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed their daily smartphone usage, types of activities performed, posture during use, and presence of musculoskeletal symptoms such as neck pain, shoulder discomfort, and headaches. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with chi-square tests and regression analysis to explore correlations between smartphone use and symptom severity. Results: The study found that 75% of participants reported experiencing symptoms of TNS, with 60% experiencing neck pain, 50% shoulder discomfort, and 55% headaches. Severity of symptoms was positively correlated with smartphone usage duration, with those using phones for more than 6 hours per day reporting more severe symptoms. Urban participants reported a higher prevalence of TNS compared to rural participants. Conclusions: TNS is prevalent among young adults, particularly those engaging in prolonged smartphone use. Public health campaigns should focus on ergonomic interventions, proper posture, and the importance of taking regular breaks to reduce the risk of TNS.
Immunohistochemistry in Gastric Carcinoma: Diagnostic Subtyping, Prognostic Stratification, and Predictive Biomarkers
Background: Background: Gastric carcinoma remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely because many patients present at advanced stage and because the disease comprises biologically diverse tumor entities with different pathways of carcinogenesis and treatment responsiveness. While histomorphology remains the foundation for diagnosis and classification, it does not fully capturethe molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancer or reliably predict prognosis
Immunohistochemistry, Gastric Carcinoma, Biomarkers
Anan Fathi Mohamed, Asmaa Hussein Mohamed, Enas Mohamed Fouad, Aisha Elsayed Mohamed
Integrative Neurophysiological Mechanisms Linking Vitamin D, Exercise-Induced Plasticity, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, with a complex etiology involving genetic susceptibility, environmental influences, and disrupted neurophysiological processes. Despite extensive research, the underlying biologicalmechanisms of ASD remain incompletely understood
Vitamin D, Exercise-Induced Plasticity, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Autism Spectrum Disorder
Duha Khalil Ali Khalil Mahmoud, Dalia Ibrahim Abd-Alaleem, Khaled Abdelfattah Abulfadle, Dalia Atef Roshdy Hemead
Prevalence of Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Al-Samawah City
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), is one of the most common nosocomial infections in humans and animals. The genes mecA and vanA in the S. aureus are the marker of MRSA and VRSA, respectively. The main objective of this study was to detect the prevalence of mecA and vanA genes which cause resistance against methicillin and vancomycin in the Al- Samawah, respectively. One hundred samples (8 burns, 68wounds, 11 skin sores and 13 urines) were collected from patients in Al-Hussein teaching hospital and medical clinics, Al-Muthanna. Then biochemical tests were performed for conventional identification. Modified Kirbry-Bauer disc diffusion method was applied. The DNA of all isolates was extracted, then PCR was thenperformed for amplification of mecA, VanA genes .The results confirmed the existence of S.aureus in 41 out of 100 isolates. The S. aureus isolates showed high incidences of resistance against methicillin and vancomycin about 70% and 80%, respectively. Isolates were also resistant to other antibiotics, such as CX (60%), however the isolates showed more sensitive to following antibiotics including G (40%), CIP (50%), AZM (30%) and T (30%). PCR results revealed that 41 (41.00%) isolates of S. aureus. In addition, 25 (60.97%) and 19 (46.3%) isolates of S. aureus were harbored mecA and VanA, respectively. In conclusions, S. aureus is a commensal gram- positive bacterium that has captured the attention of the medical community for more than a century. The emergence of MRSA and VRSA strains in the community has increased the risk of infections caused by these strains, as they usually express multidrug resistance. There is a need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of the presence of MRSA and VRSA strains in the community and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the spread of MRSA and VRSA strains will assist in controlling its dissemination
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EFFECT OF EXAMINATION STRESS ON CARDIOVASCULAR N HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Background: Examination stress is a common psychological stressor among students and has been shown to influence autonomic, cardiovascular, and hematological responses. Acute academic stress triggers sympathetic activation and hormonal shifts (cortisol, catecholamines), which may produce transient but measurable physiological alterations.
Examination stress, Heart rate, Blood pressure, Hematological parameters, NLR, Academic stress, Sympathetic activation.
Candida albicans and Candida Tropicalis Antigen Immunotherapy in Recalcitrant Warts: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety
Background: Recalcitrant warts remain a therapeutic challenge in dermatology, venereology and andrology, particularly in patients with multiple, longstanding, or anogenital lesions that fail destructive modalities. Intralesional immunotherapy has emerged as a host-directed strategy that enhances cell-mediated immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV). Among available antigens, Candida albicansextracts are the most widely studied and are increasingly
Candida albicans, Candida Tropicalis, Immunotherapy, Recalcitrant Warts
Amin Mohamed Amin Amer , Ayman Mohamed Marei , Fatma Elzahraa Kamal Eldin Abdelfattah Elshamy , Hala Mohamed Morsi