Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Determinants, Multifunctional Applications, and Toxicological Implications Across Biological Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/8m00jy05Keywords:
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Toxicological Implications, Biological SystemsAbstract
Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as one of the most extensively investigated nanomaterials owing to their unique magnetic properties, versatile surface chemistry, and broad applicability across biomedical, industrial, food, environmental, and agricultural sectors. Their increasing integration into clinical imaging, drug delivery, food additives, cosmetics, and environmental remediation has markedly expanded the potential for human exposure, raising
Downloads
References
Samrot AV, Sahithya CS, Selvarani J, Purayil SK, Ponnaiah P. A review on synthesis, characterization and potential biological applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Curr Res Green Sustain Chem. 2021;4:100042.
Valdiglesias V, Fernández-Bertólez N, Kiliç G, et al. Are iron oxide nanoparticles safe? Current knowledge and future perspectives. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016;38:53-63.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
