Mapping Salinity Fronts: Spatial–Temporal Trends of Saline Water Intrusion in Southwest Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/m2x9xn62Keywords:
Saline intrusion, salinity front, Bangladesh coast, SMOS, Sentinel-2, STL decomposition, Sen’s slope, trend analysis.Abstract
Saline water intrusion into coastal aquifers, rivers, wetlands, and agricultural soils is a critical environmental and socio-economic issue in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) delta, with southwest Bangladesh among the most affected regions. This study synthesizes in-situ monitoring, satellite remote sensing, and statistical trend-detection methods to define and map salinity fronts—the dynamic boundary between fresh and saline waters—across space and time. In the existing work, using datasets from 86 surface-water stations (2001–2017) and remote-sensing proxies (Landsat, Sentinel-2, SMOS, and SMAP), salinity dynamics were analyzed through Seasonal-Trend Decomposition (STL), Sen’s slope, and Mann–Kendall trend tests. The results show that the salinity front migrates 20–40 km inland during the dry season, with statistically significant positive trends (+100 to +450 µS/cm yr⁻¹) in the exposed southwest coastal zones, particularly north of the Sundarbans. Correlation analyses identify reduced river discharge, sea-level rise, and cyclone-driven surges as primary drivers. The study concludes by recommending integrated monitoring frameworks, hybrid remote-sensing models, and adaptive water-resource management to mitigate long-term salinity intrusion.
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References
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