Interplay Between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Vitamin D3 Status: A Contemporary Review in Coronary Artery Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/s7ph9117Keywords:
Pericapsular Nerve Group Block, Analgesia, Elderly, Hip FractureAbstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite substantial progress in preventive cardiology and imaging diagnostics. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, derived from non-contrast computed tomography, is a well-validated surrogate of atherosclerotic plaque burden and a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events. Parallel to this, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) has emerged as a multifaceted hormone with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial effects that extend beyond calcium–phosphate homeostasis.Increasing evidence links vitamin D3 deficiency to vascular dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and accelerated atherosclerosis, yet the direct association between vitamin D3 status and coronary calcification remains incompletely understood
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References
Budoff MJ, Young R, Lopez VA, et al. Progression of coronary calcium and incident coronary heart disease events: MESA (MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(4):434–447.
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Zittermann A, Pilz S, März W. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: update on evidence and pathomechanisms. Prog CardiovascDis. 2019;62(1):33–41.
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