Behavioural Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster as a Model using Methanolic Extracts of Seeds - Thymus vulgaris, Salvia hispanica, Nigella sativa and Anethum graveolens – Individual & Cumulative effect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/nsy2e987Abstract
The global epidemic of overweight and obesity is affecting both high- and increasingly low-income nations. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.9 billion persons were overweight in 2016, with 650 million of them being obese. Numerous non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including as diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer, are associated with overweight and obesity, increasing the burden and raising the risk of a global healthcare system collapse. Comparing current obesity and overweight medications to allopathic ones, a variety of negative effects have been linked to them. The development of novel, practical, and efficient pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments is crucial to control over weight and obesity. Drosophila melanogaster's exceptional sensitivity to varying toxicant concentrations makes it a popular model for toxicity research. This study aimed at assessing the impact of methanolic extracts of individual seeds and their cumulative effect on LD50 value, survival, fly weight, locomotion and fecundity in D. melanogaster, a model organism. The seeds chosen for the study were - Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), Salvia hispanica (Chia), Nigella sativa (Black cumin or Kalonji) and Anethum, graveolens (Dill). Concentration range of less than or equal to 250 mg / 10 g of fly food (LD50 value is 284.8 mg/10 g fly medium) was used for individual seed extracts and cumulative seed extracts in various analysis. Survival rate of flies fed with High Fat Diet (HFD) along with cumulative seed extract had increased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared to that of flies fed with HFD alone. Compared to individual seed extracts, cumulative methanolic seed extract might have a greater protective effect on D. melanogaster. Also, the cumulative methanolic seed extract may help in controlling over weight compared to the individual seed extracts. A notable increase in locomotor ability was observed for flies treated with cumulative extract. During the 14-day test period, the reproductive capacity of flies was not adversely affected because both the exposed and unexposed groups were able to emerge adequately. The safety of the selected seeds in Drosophila Melanogaster was discovered and confirmed by this study.
Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, High fat diet, Survival rate, Locomotor ability, Fecundity
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