The Epithelial Alarmin-Mast Cell Interface in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: From TSLP and IL-33 Signaling to Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/yqc7g752Keywords:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-33, alarmins, mast cellsAbstract
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a mast cell-driven inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent wheals,
angioedema, or both for more than six weeks without a definite external trigger. Although histamine release remains the final common pathway of many symptoms, clinical variability, autoimmune associations, and heterogeneous therapeutic responses indicate that upstream immune circuits are equally important. Epithelial and stromal alarmins, particularly thymic stromal lymphopoietin
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References
Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The International Guideline for the Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria. Allergy. 2026;81(8):2582-2632.
Kolkhir P, Bonnekoh H, Metz M, Maurer M. Chronic spontaneous urticaria. JAMA. 2024;332(17):1464-1477.
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