TSH Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Graves' Disease and Graves' Ophthalmopathy: Current Evidence, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications

Authors

  • Farid Fawzy Abd El-Hafiz , Khalid Ahmed Ahmed Elbanna , Nermin Saad Ghanem, Norhan Abdallah Said Sabbah , Abdelhamid Moustafa Abdelhamid Elmougi Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48047/j2mtan89

Keywords:

TSH Receptor Gene, Polymorphisms, Graves' Disease, Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Abstract

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of autoimmune hyperthyroidism and results from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and environmental triggers. Among the numerous genetic loci implicated in disease pathogenesis, the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Smith TJ, Hegedüs L. Graves' disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(16):1552-1565. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1510030

Lee HJ, Li CW, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y. Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2015;64:82-90. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.009

Downloads

Published

2024-11-20

Issue

Vol. 53 No. 03 (2024): Year 2024, Volume 53, Issue 3

Section

Original

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
  2. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
  3. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  1. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  2. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .

No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

How to Cite

TSH Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: Current Evidence, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications (Farid Fawzy Abd El-Hafiz , Khalid Ahmed Ahmed Elbanna , Nermin Saad Ghanem, Norhan Abdallah Said Sabbah , Abdelhamid Moustafa Abdelhamid Elmougi , Trans.). (2024). Cuestiones De Fisioterapia, 53(03), 7730-7740. https://doi.org/10.48047/j2mtan89