Methodological Determinants of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Variability in Echocardiography: From Conventional Measurements to Advanced Three-Dimensional and Strain Imaging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/zte9b677Keywords:
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Echocardiography, Global Longitudinal StrainAbstract
Background: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is one of the most widely used parameters for evaluating left ventricular systolic function and plays a central role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of cardiovascular diseases. It is a key metric in the classification and management of heart failure,
Downloads
References
Feigenbaum H. Evolution of echocardiography. Circulation. 2020;142(10):984-996. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047498
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1-39.e14. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
