Recalcitrant Alopecia Areata: Pathogenesis, Predictive Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/m8ge5906Keywords:
Recalcitrant Alopecia Areata, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic StrategiesAbstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune hair loss disorder driven by loss of hair follicle immune privilege and cytotoxic T-cell–mediated inflammation. While many patients experience spontaneous remission or respond to topical/intralesional corticosteroids, a clinically important subset develops recalcitrant AA—persistent, relapsing, or progressive disease despite appropriate therapyoften associated with extensive scalp involvement
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References
Gilhar A, Etzioni A, Paus R. Alopecia areata. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(16):1515-1525.
Pratt CH, King LE Jr, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP. Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17011
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