Factors Associated With Smoking And Diabetes Mellitus Linked To Increased Mortality And Morbidity: A Study In Guangdong, China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/yer34w77Keywords:
metabolic disorders, lung disease, diabetes epidemic, smoking, diabetes mellitusAbstract
About 34% of the people in guangdong province, china, smoke, and about 20.8% of the people have diabetes. This is a big public health problem. Both of these rates are higher than or equal to the national averages. Smoking cigarettes raises the chances of getting diabetes mellitus, which also raises the chances of being ill or dying in the general population. This inquiry was the impetus for conducting this research initially. The purpose of this research was to find out whether smoking increases the chance of getting diabetes. Case-control studies have not sufficiently examined the association between smoking and diabetes in chinese communities where such a correlation exists. Researchers in guangdong conducted a case-control study to examine the association between habitual cigarette smoking and the onset of diabetes. The results show that there is a clear dose-response relationship and that heavy smokers are more likely to get diabetes than non-smokers in the community. These results are quite similar to what previous studies in china and other countries have shown. The first thing that stands out to the reader is that smoking is connected to metabolic disorders like diabetes and more prevalent but potentially deadly conditions like heart disease and lung disease. These strategies may help lessen the effects of these problems. The goals of these treatments should be to lower the number of individuals who smoke and ameliorate the diabetes epidemic. In light of all the evidence, the results of the case-control studies done in guangdong add to the increasing body of evidence that smoking cigarettes considerably increases the chance of getting diabetes.
Downloads
References
american diabetes association. (2022). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes care, 45(suppl. 1), s1–s264.
Li, x., gu, z., & gao, j. (2024). Elevated neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio predicts increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with diabetes. Scientific reports, 14(1), 27870.
Liu, c., liang, d., xiao, k., & xie, l. (2024). Association between the triglyceride–glucose index and all-cause and cvd mortality in the young population with diabetes. Cardiovascular diabetology, 23(1), 171.
Liu, c., pan, h., kong, f., yang, s., shubhra, q. T., li, d., & chen, s. (2023). Association of arterial stiffness with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the diabetic population: a national cohort study. Frontiers in endocrinology, 14, 1145914.
Luo, h., hu, w., xu, y., zheng, x., he, q., lyu, l., ... & zou, f. (2025). Identifying high-risk areas for type 2 diabetes mellitus mortality in guangdong, china: spatiotemporal clustering and socioenvironmental determinants. Biomedical and environmental sciences, 38(5), 585-597.
Miron-celis, m., talarico, r., villeneuve, p. J., crighton, e., stieb, d. M., stanescu, c., & lavigne, é. (2023). Critical windows of exposure to air pollution and gestational diabetes: assessing effect modification by maternal pre-existing conditions and environmental factors. Environmental health, 22(1), 26.
Najafi, m. L., zarei, m., gohari, a., haghighi, l., heydari, h., & miri, m. (2020). Preconception air pollution exposure and glucose tolerance in healthy pregnant women in a middle-income country. Environmental health, 19(1), 131.
World health organization. (2021). Global health estimates: life expectancy and leading causes of death and disability. Geneva: who.
Ye, r., zhang, y., & gu, j. (2025). The prevalence of comorbidities and differences in noncommunicable diseases and nonrandom associations of comorbidities between hiv-infected and-uninfected individuals in guangdong province, china. Bmc public health, 25(1), 761.
Zhai, z., yang, y., lin, g., lin, w., wu, j., liu, x., ... & hao, g. (2023). The hypertension and hyperlipidemia status among type 2 diabetic patients in the community and influencing factors analysis of glycemic control. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 15(1), 73.
Zhang, s., mwiberi, s., pickford, r., breitner, s., huth, c., koenig, w., ... & schneider, a. (2021). Longitudinal associations between ambient air pollution and insulin sensitivity: results from the kora cohort study. The lancet planetary health, 5(1), e39-e49.
Zheng, x. Y., yi, q., xu, y. J., zeng, x. Y., xu, x. J., chen, g., ... & lin, l. F. (2022). Health transition of the causes of mortality between 2005 and 2015 in guangdong, china. Postgraduate medical journal, 98(1159), 346-353.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
