Adjuvant Strategies in Selective Spinal Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy: Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine, Magnesium Sulphate, and Fentanyl with Low-Dose Hyperbaric Bupivacaine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/q6v1y969Keywords:
Selective Spinal Anesthesia , Knee Arthroscopy, Dexmedetomidine, Magnesium Sulphate, and Fentanyl with Low-Dose Hyperbaric BupivacaineAbstract
Knee arthroscopy is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic procedures, requiring reliable anesthesia with rapid onset, optimal analgesia, hemodynamic stability, and minimal side effects. Selective spinal anesthesia (SSA) using low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine has gained attention as a technique that provides effective anesthesia with faster recovery and reduced motor block, enabling early mobilization and shorter hospital stay. However, the main challenge with low-dose spinal
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References
Gupta A, Axelsson K, Thörn SE, et al. Low-dose bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for knee arthroscopy: effect on recovery and discharge. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(5):1483-1488.
Liu SS, McDonald SB. Current issues in spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(5):888-906.
Van Zundert AAJ, Stultiëns G, Jakimowicz JJ, et al. Segmental spinal anesthesia for cholecystectomy in a patient with severe lung disease. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(4):464-466.
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