Microbial Contaminants in Semen and Their Effects on Sperm Motility Morphology and Fertility Outcomes.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/4st0qc93Keywords:
Microbial contamination, bacteriospermia, sperm motility, fertility outcomes, assisted reproductive technology, bacterial infectionsAbstract
Semen contamination by microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, significantly affects sperm quality and fertility. These pathogens, which can come from the urogenital tract or external sources, lead to decreased sperm motility, abnormal morphology, and reduced fertilization capacity. Bacterial toxins interfere with flagellar movement, while pathogen attachment to sperm surfaces further impedes motility. Moreover, microbial infections trigger inflammatory responses, creating an unfavorable environment for sperm function. Contaminated semen samples often exhibit morphological changes, such as sperm clumping, irregular head and tail structures, and compromised membrane integrity.
Downloads
References
Auroux, M. R., Mathieu, D., Auer, J., & Jacques, L. (1991). Is the sperm bacterial ratio a determining factor in impairment of sperm motility: An in‐vitro study in man with Escherichia coli. International Journal of Andrology, 14(4), 264–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365 2605.1991.tb01091.x
Farahani, L., Tharakan, T., Minhas, S., Yap, T., Ramsay, J. W., & Jayasena, C. N. (2020). The semen microbiome and its impact on sperm function and male fertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 9(1), 115–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12886
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
